After Alexander the Great brought an end to the Persian Empire, his own empire was divided up amongst his generals who fought each other for power. The major part of Anatoila remained under the power of the kingdom of Pergamon. In his will, the last king of Pergaman bequeathed his kingdom to Rome a western region of Anatolia came, therefore, under Roman rule. Initially the art of the period relied on Helienistic traditions but, through time, the whole of Anatolia became a province of the Roman Empire, Constantin the Great was emperor from A.D. 306 to A.D. 337, During his reign, he reserved many of his predeoccessor Diocletian's policies and reunited the empire, made Byzantium his capital and renamed it Constantinople. He became a Christian and encouraged Christianity's spread throughout the empire, Constantinople soon became as grand as Rome itself.

The Romans built large and impressive buildings with vaulted domes, settlements in Anatolia were connected by roads and bridges. Fabulous csulptures were produced in art centers such as Aphrodislas and Perge and religious art also flourished. Baths, agoira, gymnasia, stadia and fountains were decorating all of Anatolia.

What was happening elswere? The Western Roman Empire fell to Barbarians. Crasaders were established The Han Dynasty took control of China. The Guplas ruled the Ganges Valley for 150 years. The Egyptian Empire came to an end as Antonyand Cleopatra committed suicide. The Yamato people came from the central plains and lasted for over 450 years in the Japanese islands. The Parthians contorlled the Caspian while the Sassanian Empire stretched from Syria to India. Jerusalem was destroyed in A.D. 70 and after four years of rebellion, the last of the Jewish foroes committed mass suicide Masada. After his the Jes moved into exile, gradually spresding all over Europe and northern Africa.